Management Practices in the Navy

Table of Contents Planning Leading Organizing Staffing Controlling Conclusion Reference List The Navy is one of the arms of the armed forces charged with protecting national interests against external aggression. Militaries worldwide are known for their rigid and strict management structures. This purpose of the strictness is to ensure that all members of the forces observe discipline. This paper reviews how the Navy handles planning, leading, organizing, staffing, and controlling functions.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Management Practices in the Navy specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Planning In management terms, planning refers to the activities undertaken to determine priorities and to allocate resources. Apart from the well-known military leadership style, management scholars also recognize the contribution of the military to the discipline of strategic planning. Strategic planning arose when militarie s found it necessary to develop long-term plans for prolonged military campaigns. In the Navy, several types of plans exist depending on the level of command handling it. Decisions to go to war or to carry out aggressive or defensive maneuvers are made centrally at the highest level of military command. The approval to go to war is only the first step for military planners. At the high command, military strategists develop engagement options and determine the level of troop deployments needed for specific campaigns. These decisions are then communicated down the ranks for implementation. The nature of the work of the Navy makes it impossible to use consultative decision-making models. Once the high command issues orders, the lower level officers have no option but to implement the orders.  At the unit level, unit commanders have the duty of making tactical plans to achieve the overall aims of a specific military exercise. They make decisions based on the prevailing circumstances t o ensure that the soldiers under them fulfill the commands of the superiors. At the level of the individual soldier, planning is essentially a matter of personal management to ensure readiness for service whenever called upon. Unit commanders may consult with soldiers before issuing orders, just like the high command usually consults with unit commanders before decisions are made, but never after orders are issued. Leading While the debate on the difference between management and leadership rages on, it is clear that the military needs leadership as much as it needs management. Leadership usually involves skills like defining a vision, motivating followers, and acquiring resources to meet the demands of the vision. In this regard, the Navy has a formalized leadership structure.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The organizational structure of the Navy is hierarchical. Everyone reports to his or her immediate superior all the way to the top commanders.  Top commanders usually do the casting of vision in the Navy. Top commanders usually outline the objectives of a military exercise in addresses to troops. This allows all soldiers along the ranks to understand the purpose of any commands that they receive from the high command. In addition, it prepares the troops psychologically to participate in the exercise.  Soldiers need motivation to ensure that their morale remains high during wars. Morale plays a key role in the operations of the Navy. In this regard, it is normal for senior officers to visit troops who are due for deployment to motivate them. In situations of widespread war, the top Navy commanders regularly visit troops who are due for deployment to motivate them. The third aspect of leadership in the military is maintaining discipline. No military outfit can exist as a functional unit without discipline. Enforcement of discipline is devolved d own the ranks, with superior officers taking charge of disciplinary issues affecting their immediate charges. In severe cases, soldiers face a court-martial if their activities break the military code of service. Organizing Organization is a very complex aspect of the management of the Navy. The Navy originally fought only in the water on battleships. Battleships are still a central part of the Navy’s arsenal but the arsenal is now much larger. In fact, the Navy is capable of fighting a full battle without any support from the Army or the Air Force. The Navy has airbases, aircraft carriers, and barracks on the mainland. The introduction of airplanes to naval warfare arose from the flexibility that planes added to the strategic efforts of battleships. It was easy to send a plane ahead to scout for enemy ships in order to plan an attack. The planes also served as bombers because they could drop bombs on enemy ships with a high degree of accuracy and speed, but will very low cas ualties. It takes considerable effort to organize a war effort. Whole industries exist to supply the Navy with the provisions needed to be ready for war at all times. These provisions include armament, and allied equipment. It also includes items such as food, medical supplies, and naval fatigues, among others. The Navy has very many professionals in its ranks. These professionals include logisticians and statisticians, as well as project management professionals. They form a very important component of naval organization because they ensure that all supplies reach the Navy in time to keep the entire fighting force ready for war.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Management Practices in the Navy specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The organization of the soldiers follows the chain of command. High-level commanders issue orders and the officers down the ranks implement the orders. Each officer plans and organizes his unit by acquiring the supplies needed to execute the orders from the top commanders. Staffing Staffing in the Navy is a very critical aspect of its existence. Luckily, the supply of potential candidates always outstrips the demand for them, except during wartime. The last time that there was a huge demand for naval officers was during the Second World War. Since then, it has been possible to join the Navy and later retire without seeing combat. The Navy uses a very strict recruitment process to hire soldiers and other officers. The Navy receives written requests from interested persons who want to join military service. The recruitment officers then determine which of the candidates that have applied meet the minimum standards for recruitment. It then invites them for a series of evaluations that culminates in recruitment. The stages include a recruitment test, an interview, medical tests, and fitness tests. These tests ensure that a new recruit has numeracy and literacy skills as w ell as the physical profile needed for effective service in the Navy. In recent years, it has become necessary to carry out security screening of recruits because of the increased terror activities in the world. The background checks help to deter terrorists from becoming naval officers in disguise. The process described above covers the recruitment of soldiers. However, the Navy needs a wide range of [professional such as doctors, engineers, and logisticians. The Navy recruits some of these professionals after they have acquired the professional qualifications, and it trains some of them internally. The basic recruitment requirements usually apply with some variations to account for the time spent in other careers. Controlling Control is a very critical aspect of management because it ensures that an organization remains in good shape to operate. The main function of control in an organization is to enforce the prudent use of resources.  In the Navy, resources that require strict controls include time, armament, soldiers, among others. The control of arms that are in the custody of the Navy is very critical to ensure that all soldiers have the weapons they need, whenever a need arises. The control of the availability and use of weapons also ensures that the weapons do not fall into the wrong hands.  Time is a very precious resource within the Navy and in all fighting groups. The ability to deploy rapidly can mean the difference between averting an enemy attack, and losing a battle. The Navy, as well as other armed forces, has strict time management standards.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The control of soldiers is also a very crucial aspect of management in the Navy. A fighting unit is a group. This makes it susceptible to the negative effects of group dynamics. Therefore, naval officers take time to ensure that soldiers under their charge are disciplined and ready to take orders at all times. The control methods used include placing restrictions on travel, social activities, and general conduct of soldiers both within naval facilities and within the wider community. Conclusion The Navy is a very good example of the military leadership style. The cardinal value of military management is efficiency. The five functions of management reviewed in this paper shows that the Navy uses its resources to ensure that it is ready as a unit to respond to any demand for its services. Reference List Flannes, S., Levin, G. (2005). Essential People Skills for Project Managers. Vienna, VA: Management Concepts. Kerzner, H. (2010). Project Management : Best Practices: Achieving Global Excellence (2nd Edition). Hoboken, NJ: Wiley. Mahadevan, P. (2009). Operations Management: Theory Practice. New Delhi: Pearson Education India. Mamoria, C. B., Gankar, S. S. (2009). Textbook of Human Resource Management. Mumbai: Himalaya Publishing House. Patel, V., Rana, G. (2007). Personnel Management. Jaipur, Ind: Global Media. This essay on Management Practices in the Navy was written and submitted by user Elle Spears to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Animal farm Analysis Essay essays

Animal farm Analysis Essay essays George Orwells Animal Farm is a novel based around how the animals of Manor Farm overthrew their human master, after they were mistreated and fed very little by Mr Jones and his workers. Orwell tells about the events that occurred when the animals tried to run the farm, however Napoleons failure to lead well results in damaging consequences for the welfare and the interests of other animals on the farm. After the rebellion took place the animals put in writing the Seven Commandments by which all of the animals would live. From this point all of the animals were supposed to be treated equally and were to have a better way of life, but this didnt happen. Napoleon who was an intelligent pig, made sure that he would be the one who took control of the farm, but before he could do this, he had to ensure that his arch rival Snowball was out of the picture. With Snowball gone, Napoleon was in the position to take control of the running of the farm. Napoleon was in the elite class, and the use of Napoleons power is illustrated in the novel when the animals are reassured by Squealer saying: Do not imagine, comrades, that leadership is a pleasure. On the contrary, it is a deep and heavy responsibility. No one believes more firmly than Comrade Napoleon that all animals are equal. He would be only too happy to let you make your decisions for yourselves. But sometimes you might make the wrong decisions, comrades, and then where should we be? This is an example of Napoleon using his power to ensure that the other animals had faith in him and trusted him. Napoleon was taking advantage of the animals, and Napoleon had to ensure that the animals were on his side. A successful leader wouldnt need to brainwash the animals into believing him, only a failing leader would do this. The animals started the construction of the windmill and the other work on the farm, and it is evident th ...

SAT Score Ranges Understand Your Score vs Class Grades

SAT Score Ranges Understand Your Score vs Class Grades SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips What’s the best possible SAT score and worst possible SAT score you could get? How do you understand SAT scores if you’re used to letter grades like A- or B+, or test scores like 93%? In this guide, we convert SAT scores into much more understandable class grades to help you interpret your SAT score. What's the SAT Score SAT Range? The pure SAT score range is 200 minimum, 800 maximum per section. The current SAT has two sections, so its total range is 400 to 1600. It's as simple as that! The score range might not tell you much on its own, since it's rare that someone will get a perfect 1600 or as low as a 400. However, if you’re more used to thinking about class grades like A+, B-, etc. then we can map SAT scores into grades to give you a rough idea of the letter grade your SAT score corresponds to. Likewise, we can do the same if you’re more used to numerical class grades like 95% for a good test or 55% for a failing test. How Can You Understand Your SAT Score If You're Used to Class Grades? We’ll first present the results of our conversion of SAT scores to class grades, and then we’ll interpret the results. For those interested in technical details, we’ll then tell you how we got there. In the final section, we’ll then discuss some other interpretations of what a good SAT score is. Conversion of New SAT Scores to Class Grade Equivalents New SAT Score Numerical Class Grade Letter Class Grade 1560-1600 100.0 A+ 1520-1550 99.9 A+ 1490-1510 99.8 A+ 1465-1480 99.7 A+ 1450-1460 99.6 A+ 1430-1440 99.5 A+ 1420 99.4 A+ 1410 99.3 A+ 1390-1400 99.2 A+ 1387 99.1 A+ 1370-1380 99.0 A+ 1367 98.9 A+ 1350-1360 98.8 A+ 1347 98.7 A+ 1340 98.6 A+ 1333 98.5 A+ 1327 98.4 A+ 1320 98.3 A+ 1310 98.2 A+ 1300 98.1 A+ 1293 97.9 A+ 1287 97.8 A+ 1280 97.7 A+ 1273 97.6 A+ 1267 97.5 A+ 1260 97.4 A+ 1253 97.2 A+ 1247 97.1 A+ 1240 97.0 A 1233 96.8 A 1227 96.7 A 1220 96.5 A 1213 96.4 A 1207 96.2 A 1200 96.0 A 1193 95.9 A 1187 95.7 A 1180 95.5 A 1173 95.3 A 1167 95.1 A 1160 94.9 A 1153 94.7 A 1147 94.5 A 1140 94.3 A 1133 94.1 A 1127 93.9 A 1120 93.7 A 1110 93.3 A 1100 93.0 A- 1093 92.7 A- 1087 92.5 A- 1080 92.2 A- 1073 91.9 A- 1067 91.7 A- 1060 91.4 A- 1053 91.1 A- 1047 90.8 A- 1040 90.5 A- 1033 90.2 A- 1027 89.9 B+ 1020 89.6 B+ 1013 89.3 B+ 1007 89.0 B+ 1000 88.7 B+ 993 88.4 B+ 987 88.1 B+ 980 87.8 B+ 973 87.5 B+ 967 87.2 B+ 960 86.9 B 953 86.6 B 947 86.2 B 940 85.9 B 933 85.6 B 927 85.3 B 920 84.9 B 913 84.6 B 907 84.3 B 900 83.9 B 893 83.6 B 887 83.2 B 880 82.9 B- 873 82.5 B- 867 82.1 B- 860 81.7 B- 853 81.3 B- 847 80.9 B- 840 80.4 B- 833 80.0 C+ 827 79.5 C+ 820 79.0 C+ 813 78.5 C+ 807 78.0 C+ 800 77.5 C+ 793 77.0 C 787 76.5 C 780 76.0 C 773 75.5 C 767 75.0 C 760 74.5 C 753 74.0 C 747 73.5 C 740 73.0 C- 733 72.4 C- 727 71.9 C- 720 71.3 C- 713 70.6 C- 707 69.8 D+ 700 69.0 D+ 693 68.1 D+ 687 67.3 D+ 680 66.4 D 673 65.5 D 667 64.6 D 660 63.6 D 653 62.5 D 647 61.2 D 640 59.3 F 633 57.2 F 627 55.2 F 620 53.1 F 613 51.2 F 607 49.2 F 600 47.3 F 593 45.4 F 587 43.5 F 580 41.7 F 573 39.9 F 567 38.1 F 560 36.3 F 553 34.6 F 547 32.8 F 540 31.1 F 533 29.5 F 527 27.9 F 520 26.4 F 513 24.8 F 507 23.4 F 500 21.9 F 493 20.4 F 487 18.9 F 480 17.5 F 473 16.1 F 467 14.7 F 460 13.4 F 453 12.1 F 447 10.9 F 440 9.7 F 433 8.6 F 427 7.7 F 420 6.6 F 413 5.7 F 407 5.0 F 400 3.2 F How can you read this table? Suppose you received a 1000 on the current SAT. You'd want to find this row: New SAT Score Numerical Class Grade Letter Class Grade 1000 88.7 B+ Under Numerical Class Grade, 88.7 means that this SAT score is like getting a class score of 88.7% (or round to 89%) at the end of the year. Imagine getting a 88.7 in history, English, or math. Under Letter Class Grade, the B+ means this SAT score is similar to getting the class letter grade B+. What Does the Conversion Table From SAT Score to Class Grades Really Show You? To put it simply, the conversion table takes your SAT score and tells you how well you're doing in terms of class grades. You're used to class grades because you've seen them since you began school, but this might be the first time you've looked at SAT scores. In the table above, we've taken something you might be unfamiliar with and put it in terms of something you know and understand. To be more precise, the above table matches SAT scores to class grades based on percentiles. The SAT percentile is calculated from a recent group of SAT scores. The class grades percentile is based on a comprehensive academic survey of common grades given out in college (which closely match US high school grades culturally). In other words, to go from a new SAT score of 1000 to 88.7%, we looked at the SAT percentile of 1000 (it happens to be right about 50%), and then we used a comprehensive academic survey which showed that the 50th percentile class grade across many colleges was an 88.7%, or a B+. Imagine getting a B+ in one of your classes. Would you be happy with that grade? Would you consider yourself to know the material well? You can then apply those feelings to your SAT score and use them to plan your next steps, such as if you'd like to retake the exam. Want to learn more about the SAT but tired of reading blog articles? Then you'll love our free, SAT prep livestreams. Designed and led by PrepScholar SAT experts, these live video events are a great resource for students and parents looking to learn more about the SAT and SAT prep. Click on the button below to register for one of our livestreams today! Interesting Notes from the Conversion Table First, you should note that the distribution of SATscores and grades are quite different. There is a lot of resolution at the top end of the SAT scale- a 1250 and a 1600 are 350 points apart, yet they all map to A+. Read that again; it's not a mistake: a 1600 and a 1250 are both A+. Classes oftentimes do not do a good job of distinguishing great students from the truly spectacular. In a class of 20, you might have two people get an A+, which seems like a small number, until you realize that in that same class of 20, if it represented all students in the USA, you would only have two people as well who get 1250 or above. The SAT is useful to colleges, especially very selective ones, because itdistinguishes the 90th percent from the 99th percent. Also, class grades and SAT scoresare equally good at resolving the performance of middle-of-the-pack students. When you go from an SATscore of 680 to a 1110- just a range of 430- you're going from a straight D to an A. For students who are near the median of their class or a bit below, SAT scores and class grades both have decent resolution. Finally, you may noticethat both SAT scores and class grades have non-zero starting points, which makes sense when you apply it to what you know about the kinds of grades that are given out. When was the last time you heard of someone getting a 30 out of 100 as their final grade for a class? Less than 4% of class grades are failing grades. Likewise, when was the last time you heard someone get less than a 680 on the SAT? Even though the SATgoes all the way down to 400, fewer than 2% of people get less than a 680. Just like it's a good idea to think of class grades as starting from a D and not a 0, it's better to think of SATs as starting from 680 and not 400. Can SAT Scores Really Be Mapped to Class Grades? They certainly can! However,I should warn you, such mappings are an inexact science. Some issues you should be aware of include: SATs and classes test very different things. The SAT is a mostly-multiple-choice test given over the course of a few hours on a Saturday morning (usually). Classes consist of hundreds of hours of schoolwork. The SAT is a solitary activity. Classes include working with teachers and classmates. The two measure different things. Getting a B+ in class does NOT mean you'll get a 1000 for sure on the SAT, and vice versa. Class grades are not rigorous. Is an A- a good grade? If your teacher gives half the class a straight A, then an A- is a bad grade. Conversely, if your teacher gives out only one Aa year, you might have the top score. An A in art studies means something very different thangetting an A in computer science. Thus, you can't look atthe conversion too rigidly. With thatcaveat out of the way, you're on the right track if you think of the table above as "lining up" different types of races.For example, you can't compare a 100-meter dash with the marathon, but you can say 10 seconds is an "Olympiclevel" 100-meter dash time, and 2h10min is an "Olympiclevel" marathon time. What’s Next? Wondering what SAT score you should be aiming for? Learn how to developyour target scorebased on the colleges you're interested in. Not happy with where your SAT score places you?We're here to help! We have tons of guides specifically designed to raise your SAT score. To get you started, check out these 21 tips to improving your SAT score. Want to prepare for the SAT? Taking practice tests is one of the best ways to see how you're doing and raise your score.Check out our collection of free and official practice SATs for you to use. Disappointed with your scores? Want to improve your SAT score by 160 points?We've written a guide about the top 5 strategies you must be using to have a shot at improving your score. Download it for free now:

HRM Responses to a Changing Environment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4250 words

HRM Responses to a Changing Environment - Essay Example In the UK, the company also has a stake in Pret A Manger (www.McDonalds.co.uk). The UK is unusual in having only a relatively small proportion of restaurants as franchise operations. The first English restaurant was built in Woolwich in 1974 and was a product of a joint venture between Bob Rhea (a franchisee from Ohio) and McDonald's. In 1977, this had increased to thirty restaurants, and by 1982 this had reached 200 restaurants. In 1986, McDonald's bought out Rhea's 45% share for $38 million. Since that time, however, McDonald's UK has only slowly franchised parts of the operation. In 1993, this stood at only 11%, but by 1996 over 20% were franchise operations. McDonald's UK management state that they expect to have closer to 30% being franchises by early in 2001 (Royle, 2000, p. 32). According to the Euromonitor report, the company was operating 1,250 McDonald's restaurants throughout the country. 2003 saw the company introduce a revitalisation strategy, operating on both a global and local level. For McDonald's in the UK, the issue is no longer simply opening the right type of restaurant in the right location, but also engaging with real issues concerning the local community. The McDonald's business model is slightly different from that of most other fast food chains. In addition to ordinary franchise fees, supplies and percentage of sales, McDonald's also collects rent. As a condition of the franchise agreement, McDonald's owns most properties. Since rent is a fee that is not linked to sales, this practice allows McDonald's more control over its franchisees (Rumbelow, 1 February 2001). As the world's largest fast food company, McDonald's was the target of criticism on many grounds over the review period. It has been accused of the

Working Conditions in the 1900 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Working Conditions in the 1900 - Essay Example Following the high commercialized trade on slaves in European nations and America, the white settlers and colonialists had an ease in employing and commanding what they wanted in their workforce; and were highly discriminated. The situations were exceptionally harsh for the blacks. The reconstruction period in early 1900 undermined the working and living environments of the blacks. Black codes were used to proclaim the white supremacy. Treatment further exceeded to black’s right to exercise their voting right, intermarriages, unemployment in other vital sectors and being exposed to high levels of punishments (Murrin et al, 2011, pg, 465). Â  Despite such working conditions in early 1900, working conditions began to change and improve for the typical laborer organized mannerism. Trade unions were established and were used to increase workers count as well as to increase their wages (LaWarne, 1975, pg). The Congress also amended some clauses of the constitution in preference to changing the black codes that undermined the blacks (Murrin et al, 2011, pg 465). Â  It is expected by many workers that some conditions are effectuated to improve and provide a good and conducive environment. A managerial proper system is one of the major changes today being made. This is to ensure and strategize a proper working, organizational structure that prioritizes workforce conditions. Time should also be considered, and extra wages should be implicated in overtime hours. For senior workers, should also be allocated allowances to meet the unbecoming demands they meet while encountering their work.

Organic Food Research Essay Example for Free

Organic Food Research Essay When it comes to the food that you put on the dinner table, it is extremely important to understand how the food is grown and how nutritious it is. Some foods are grown using synthetic fertilizers, while others are grown using natural fertilizers. There are foods that are grown using chemical weed killers, while other foods are grown using crop rotation and mulch to help control weeds. You can buy meat that has been raised with antibiotics, growth hormones, and medications. On the other hand there is meat that has been raised using more humane methods. These animals are fed an organic diet as well as given access to the outdoors and raised in cleaner housing to help reduce disease. Organic foods are healthier because they use fewer preservatives and chemicals; therefore they are extremely important in the growth and development of your family. Every parent wants to put the best food on the table for their family. However, it takes an amazing amount of resources and is costly to our planet. The way that food is farmed has changed more over the past fifty years than it did in the previous ten thousand years (Kenner Kenner, 2008). The industrialization of our society has forever changed the way farmers grow crops and raise livestock. Farmers are using man-made chemical fertilizers and pesticides to control their crops. While you may think that the beautiful fruits and vegetables in the local supermarket’s produce section are impressive, it might surprise your what you are putting in your body. There are not seasonal fruits and vegetables any more in the supermarket. Tomatoes are picked green from half way around the world and ripened with ethylene gas during shipment (Kenner Kenner, 2008). It’s astonishing how many chemicals a farmer uses to grow their crop. The average apple has been subjected to twenty-seven chemicals and the average peach has twenty-two chemicals used throughout its growth cycle (Juad Juad, 2008). What is surprising is that when tested, a conventional piece of fruit or vegetable has positive results for lead and pesticides (Juad Juad, 2008). When it comes to the livestock that we are consuming, it used to take a farmer nearly three months to raise a chicken. Tyson has perfected this science with the help of growth hormones and antibiotics. They are now are able to raise a chicken that is three times as large in less than half of the time (Kenner Kenner, 2008). The cattle farmer is now raising their cattle on mainly corn feed and antibiotics (Kenner Kenner, 2008). According to Kenner Kenner (2008), farmers now have to use so many antibiotics mainly due to the fact that the livestock is being raised in a manner that was not intended. Cattle are not supposed to eat an all corn diet and chickens are not supposed to be raised in a chicken house without ever seeing daylight until they are on the truck to be processed (Kenner Kenner, 2008). There are more humane ways of raising livestock and it makes for a much healthier meal at the dinner table. It is simply amazing how far food travels to make it to your local supermarket. On average, food travels over fifteen hundred miles from the time it leaves the farm until it reaches its final destination (Kenner Kenner, 2008). Another amazing statistic is that the transportation of our nutrition accounts for nearly thirty percent of global warming (Juad Juad, 2008). This is because there are only a few multi-national organizations that actually control the industrial food chain. It might be surprising to find out that the largest purchaser of ground beef and potatoes in the United States is McDonald’s (Kenner Kenner, 2008). They are also one of the largest purchasers of pork, chicken, and apples as well (Kenner Kenner, 2008). The largest producer of chicken in the world is Tyson (Kenner Kenner, 2008). The side effects of these monopolies is that you, the consumer, get what the few powerhouse food corporations want you to have and you are left with very few choices. All of these amazing changes would not be possible without modern science. One of the biggest players behind the scenes and the supplier of the herbicides and pesticides is an organization by the name of Monsanto. Over the past few decades, Monsanto has had several groundbreaking developments in the area GMO’s or genetically modified organisms (Kenner Kenner, 2008). Over seventy percent of the items in the local supermarket contain one form of GMO (Kenner Kenner, 2008). There are several unintended side effects to all of these chemicals being used to grow our food. One is that the soil that farmers are using is literally being killed (Juad Juad, 2008). The outcome is that the farmers are becoming more and more dependent on the chemicals to produce food (Juad Juad, 2008). Another environmental issue is that a percentage of this chemical ends up in the water supply and it is simply impossible from preventing this from happening (Juad Juad, 2008). The amount of chemicals that are finding there way into our food is simply amazing. There are health side effects from all of the growth hormones, chemicals, and genetically modified organisms. Studies show that the current generation is the first in history that is predicted to live a shorter life than their parents (Kenner Kenner, 2008). Cases of obesity and diabetes have tripled in the past two decades (Juad Juad, 2008). Type-two diabetes used to be only found in adults in the previous generation and now we are seeing it in our children (Juad Juad, 2008). In Europe, seventy percent of cancers have been linked to the environment (Juad Juad, 2008). When that seventy percent is broken down, thirty percent is linked to pollution and forty percent are linked to the food (Juad Juad, 2008). Also, 100,000 children every year die from diseases caused by the environment (Juad Juad, 2008). If that is not amazing enough, cancer in males has increased ninety-three percent over the past twenty-five years and their sperm count has decreased fifty percent over the past fifty years (Juad Juad, 2008). Top that with the fact that cancer in children has increased one percent a year for the past twenty-five years (Juad Juad, 2008). There are studies that show that fifty percent of all cancers worldwide are linked to the environment and that in certain cancers that ninety percent of the cause is the environment (Juad Juad, 2008). It does not take a Doctor to figure out that all of these chemicals are making their way into our food and they are extremely bad for us. With all of these overwhelming statistics, there is hope for the food that we are eating. According to Duram (2008), â€Å"Agriculture is a highly effective means of converting solar energy into food and fiber. Given sufficient water, and properly managed, the system can operate provided with nothing more than sunshine. But modern agriculture technology has disrupted this efficient relationship. † Thankfully, there are still farmers out there that believe in the organic way of raising their crops and livestock. â€Å"Products must be at least 95 percent organic to use this term† (Mayo Clinic Staff, 2011). Organic farmers are supplying local restaurants and families through their local farmers market (Siegel Taylor, 2008). They control weeds and disease within their farm with crop rotation and treat their livestock in a humane manner. According to Danford (2010), â€Å"mainstreaming of eating locally and organically grown fresh food is almost complete. † The demand for organic food is growing at a rate of twenty percent annually and the major food organizations have taken notice (Danford, 2010). â€Å"For the past fifteen years large multinational food corporations have been buying up organic producers of food in an effort to enter the profitable niche market† (Hauter, 2012). The Demand is extremely obvious and that is why major food corporations are jumping on the bandwagon. In summary, there are two ways to put food on the table. A consumer can purchase conventionally grown food or they can purchase locally grown organic food. Organic foods use only natural fertilizers, mulch, and crop rotation while traditional foods use synthetic fertilizers and pesticides to control disease. There have been numerous studies that link multiple health issues to our food and the environment that it is grown in. As a consumer, society has a choice of how to put food on their dinner table and the smart choice is to choose organic. References: Danford, N. (2010). Vegetable vs. Meat, And Everything in Between. Publishers Weekly, 257(9), 19-26. Duram, L. A. (2005). Good Growing: Why Organic Farming Works. Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press. HAUTER, W. (2012). BIG ORGANIC. Boston Review, 37(6), 5. Juad, J. (Producer) Juad, J. (Director). (2008) Food Beware [Motion Picture]. France: CTV International Kenner, R. (Producer) Kenner, R. (Director). (2008). Food Inc. [Motion picture]. United States: Participant Media Mayo Clinic Staff (2011) Organic Foods: Are they Safer? More Nutritious? Retrieved on May 5, 2013 from http://www. mayoclinic. com/health/organic-food/NU00255 Siegel, A. , Taylor, C. (Producers), Taylor, C. (Director). (2008). Food Fight [Motion picture]. United States: Positively 25th Street.

education Essay -- essays research papers

Surburn Public Schools vs. City Public Schools   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  What type of educational standards does the American society accept and expect for their child? Article will compare and contrast two different types of schools. One school is located in an affluent suburban community and the other school is located in a poor urban area. The suburban school has twice as many students as the urban school. Both schools are located in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania vicinity. One school is in jeopardy of closing due to poor student achievement and the other school is a nationally recognized Blue Ribbon School. The schools are only five miles apart although they are many miles apart as far as educational promise. What are the physical, financial, esthetic, and intrinsic values that enable one school community to be more productive than the other? When it comes to education what standards does society accept? Image entering into a cold, brick building that is dark and old. The exterior of the building is covered with graffiti. The football field is nothing but dirt and weeds; the bleachers are made of weather beaten wood. Adjacent to the football field is a concrete basketball court, the rims do not have nets and the metal backboard has not been painted in years. The interior of the building is not much better. The paint on the walls is a dreary gray and maroon. There are wires hanging from the ceiling. The building smells old and musty. As one walks into the school you are immediately confronted by metal detectors, and a blocked off section for crisis intervention. The building offers three security guards, two school police, and two probation officers. The office is very busy, and chaotic. . The lunch that is being prepared in the cafeteria turns my stomach as I walk past. Can you believe I was describing a school? I wonder how children learn in this depressing environment. â€Å"The school is so depressing and old. It makes me not even want to come to school. â€Å"The school is so depressing and old. It makes you not want to even come everyday. But I try to make the best out of it.† Lamar Canty ... ...not. Hopefully, the factually and staff will not give up hope and try to stay positive leading the students in the right directions. At the city schools in Pittsburgh they do not seem to promote Historically Black colleges. Many students go to state schools but, I believe that these students will feel a since of community if they are guide to something that is very obtainable a higher education. Peabody should have a guidance consular office just like Fox Chapel because the students also need help. It seems as if the government has given up on the students that are not making the test scores instead of putting more money into the future.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  How can two schools that are so close together be so far apart educationally? Are the parental values that far apart? Are Americans becoming polarized again into the haves and have-nots? How can we change the segregated school systems that are cropping up all over the country? Should we start busing again? The schools that I saw are separate and unequal. Many suburbanites travel into the city to work, for cultural or athletic events and they should pay an educational tax for the city schools. Something has to be done!

John Locke Essay

The topic that I chose for my philosophy paper is empiricism. Empiricism is the theory that all knowledge is derived from sense-experience. This idea was developed from a famous English philosopher, John Locke, states that knowledge can only come from our sensory experience, nowhere else. Empiricists believe that getting knowledge without the experience is unachievable. There are three subcategories of Empiricism; Classical, Moderate, and Radical. Classical Empiricism completely rejects the thought of â€Å"in-born† knowledge. It states that at birth, we are born as a blank slate. Throughout the years, the more experience the more we learn. Radical empiricism is a dividend of the theory that concludes that knowledge comes from our senses. When we experience certain things, the sense that comes along with it is what gives us the knowledge that we take from it. Moderate empiricism is a more improved on and fits today’s philosophical and psychological findings. Moderate empiricism writes that not all knowledge should come from what you live through; some of it is simply learned. A valid example that they used to further prove their theory is the understanding of school subjects such as math or history. A person doesn’t have to live through anything to understand that a triangle has three sides or that George Washington became president in 1789. I interpret this theory the way it was written. I understand where john Locke’s idea of empiricism evolved from and there are many pieces of evidence to support it. I think what this theory states is that our experiences define us as humans. What we live through is what gives us the knowledge on either how to improve on it, to learn from it, or to continue doing it. In many ways, I believe that this is true in sculpting our personality. I think this theory goes in search of why people are so different, despite that they are taught the same material in school, and they answer that with the fact that every individual goes through incomparable experiences and that’s what makes us different and therefore gives us our knowledge. There are numerous examples of empiricism. Any experience in which a lesson is taken from is proof of empiricism. That may include a job experience in which the employee disappointed their manager and now knows to do everything he can to avoid doing what it is that he did. This goes along with Classical and Radical empiricism. The individual has learned something based solely on experience, but also through the sense of embarrassment and disappointment. A student who puts in a large amount of effort in his work and then receives praise on it from his teacher will want to go through that experience again and feel accomplishment. I feel very diverse about this theory. In many ways I do agree with it because our experiences are what give us our beliefs and set us as different individuals. However, the theory in ways contradicts itself because it underestimates the power of learning in class and knowing  not to do certain things even. An example that I have lived through that goes along with my opinion on this is my health class in the seventh grade where we were taught all the vital effects of drugs. Therefore, I have learned, but not through experience, not to do drugs. I did not have to go through addiction or even experimentation of illegal substances in order to get the knowledge not to do them. The theory that more closely relates to my belief is rationalism. Rationalism states that knowledge is based off of reason. Examples of that is mathematical problems,  knowing an illusion isn’t real and that your mind is actually being deceived, and why things happen the way they do. We don’t touch a pot of boiling water because we’ve done it before and experienced pain, we don’t touch it because we see the steam coming out of it and with that, we imply our reasoning that it would burn if we do touch it. There is also a flaw in empiricism. We all perceive things differently, and therefore our knowledge may be inaccurate. A student presenting might think he did awful and never volunteer again because his experience gave him the false knowledge that he wasn’t able to do good. Meanwhile, his fellow classmates might have thought greatly of his presentation. Empiricism can give off false knowledge of our experience, making us self-conscious, and even changing our personality completely, all because of how we perceived it. That is why I apply rationalism to my life and personality. I don’t have to experience something in order to gain knowledge from it. I am able to make decisions based off of reasoning, knowing the effect of an action without having to experience it, and knowing what is right without having to do what is wrong first.

Gold Bear Golf INC. Essay

1.The professional auditing standards have a set of five management assertions. Of the five assertions, three are very important in regards to the Paragon audit. The descriptions below, audit procedure is explained that would have ensured the audit was completed accurately. a.Occurrence- The management assertion that ensures a particular transaction actually happened. In the case of a construction company such as Paragon, this could be verified by going to a job site and checking to see if the job is actually happening. b.Valuation/Allocation- The management assertion that ensures the transactions are accounted for the correct amount. Changing from percentage-of completion method to the earned value method resulted in significantly overstated revenues and material misstatements in the financial statements. The audit procedure that should take place in this situation is inspection of the records. Looking back at the records would show the change was not supported by the accepted accou nting standards. c.Presentation/Disclosure- The management assertion that ensures all changes within a company are stated in the notes of the financials. These changes should be easy to understand and depict a complete picture of the company from the year. The audit procedure that should have taken place during the audit is inquiry. Sullivan and the staff should have questioned the managers on his or her decisions instead of taking their word as to why the changes were made. 2.The audit failures the SEC were referring to was the fact that Sullivan and his staff relied on the manager’s word. Sullivan and staff did not perform the accurate assertions to test the information provided from Paragon’s managers. The audit partner, Sullivan in this case, is the individual who is in charge of ensuring everyone on the audit is performing his or her job completely and accurately. Sullivan will take the blunt of the responsibility because he is ultimately the person who is in charge of overseeing the auditing the audit as a whole, but the audit staff should also face consciences from the findings. 3.A high risk audit means the chance that of material misstatement and fraudulent activities are significantly higher. Weak controls, changes in management, and changes in accounting methods are several reasons why an auditor would conclude a company is a â€Å"high risk† engagement. The audit partner basis the risk of engagement on his or her observations from the company. When working a high  risk engagement, an auditor will examine a higher percentage of the transactions from throughout the year. Checking more transactions means the auditors are going to produce the most accurate financials possible and ensuring no fraudulent activities are taking place within the company. 4.Auditors do have the responsibility of following the AICPA Audit and Accounting Guides for specialized industries. The AICPPA set guidelines for companies in these industries to follow to ensure the end product is of highest quality. Auditors should make sure the managers are following all of the rules and regulation set forth for that type of company, but these guidelines should never override or replace the Statements on Auditing and Standards. The Statement and Auditing Standards is the rule book for how and what is to be performed in an audit. the AICPA should make the Audit and Accounting Guides for specialized industries in accordance with the Statement and Auditing Standards so the companies are operating with the highest quality, in both products and financial standing. 5.When making a change in the accounting principle used within a company, there has to be very good reason why the company wants to. When these changed are made, they must be presented retrospectively. Managers must produce the financial statements for the past several years so the public can see the effects it has on the company. On the other hand, the changes in accounting estimates are applied prospectively. Managers use the new method in estimating cost and revenues from that point forward. The changes Paragon made are for accounting estimates. The percentage-in-completion method and the earned value method are accounting estimate methods. Boyd and Curbello will use the new method from that point forward. The problem Paragon ran into is disclosure. The changes were not properly disclosed in the financials. This is a problem because two method result in very different numbers for the company.

Fall Of Communism Essays - Politics, Political Philosophy, Socialism

Fall Of Communism Essays - Politics, Political Philosophy, Socialism Fall Of Communism fall of Communism in Russia/Soviet Union By Andy Chambers Communism in the USSR was doomed from the onset. Communism was condemned due to lack of support from other nations, condemned due to corruption within its leadership, condemned due to the moral weakness of humanity, making what is perfect on paper, ineffective in the real world. The end of this system was very violent. It left one of the two most powerful nations in the world fearful of what was to come. Communism can either be called a concept or system of society. In a society that follows the communist beliefs groups own the major

An Experiment Conducted in Attempt to Transform DNA off the Bacteria E. Coli

An Experiment Conducted in Attempt to Transform DNA off the Bacteria E. Coli Abstract: The main objective of this experiment was to transform DNA found in bacteria. A plasmid was used on E. coli and with the use of heat shock, was inherited by the bacteria which caused the E. coli to become resistant to ampicillin. Also in the plasmid was GFP which verified the hypothesis by glowing green under UV light. The predicted outcome held true and gives insight on what the future of medicine might hold. Introduction: Transforming DNA on bacteria will require a change in their genes. Using pGLO in this experiment allowed the DNA on Escherichia coli (E. coli) to transform. There are three genes in this plasmid: the araC gene, green fluorescent protein gene (GFP), and the bla gene. The ara C gene is a bifunctional regulator which transcripts araC mRNA which translates to produce araC proteins that act as a depressor or promoter to the GFP. The GFP also transcripts to produce GFP mRNA which translated to produce GFP that glows green under ultraviolet light (UV light). The last gene is the bla gene which gives the bacteria ampicillin resistance. E. Coli was used in this experiment because it is found inside our bodies so it is not very harmful to humans and grows rapidly. Bacteria transformation is the process by which foreign DNA is introduced into a cell (addgene.org). Using plasmids, A linear or circular double-stranded DNA that is capable of replicating independently of the chromosomal DNA(biolog y-online.org), transformation is able to occur. Using heat shock, most of the bacteria accepts the foreign DNA and incorporates it into its own DNA. In this experiment E. coli was transformed to become resistant to the antibiotic ampicillin and expressed the GFP. Using heat shock and pGLO will transform E. coli to be resistant to ampicillin while glowing green. These results could help transform human DNA genes and give resistance to life-threatening diseases such as AIDS. Methods and Materials: Two micro test tubes were labeled +pGLO and the other –pGLO. Using a sterile transfer pipette, 250Â µL of transformation solution (CaCl2) were transferred to each test tube. The test tubes were placed in a bucket of ice for 3 minutes. A single colony of E. coli was placed in the transformation solution (CaCl2) of the test tube labeled +pGLO with a sterile loop and spun until the colony was all the way in the transformation solution. The same was done for the test tube labeled –pGLO. After, both test tubes were placed back in the bucket of ice for another 3 minutes. A new sterile loop was used to transfer pGLO Plasmid DNA to the test tube labeled +pGLO, not –pGLO. The test tubes were then back in the ice bucket for 10 minutes. While the test tubes were in the ice, the agar plates were gathered and labeled with the plate type and group name. After 10 minutes of the test tubes being in ice, they were both transferred to a water bath set at 42Â °C for 50 seconds. After 50 seconds the test tubes were placed back in the ice bucket for 2 minutes. Taking both test tubes out, a sterile pipette was used to pipette 250Â µL of LB nutrient broth into a test tube then mixed well. The same procedure was done to the other test tube using a new sterile pipette. Once both were mixed, they were incubated at room temperature for 20 minutes. After the 20 minutes are done and using a new sterile pipette for each tube, 100Â µL of the transformation and control suspensions were transferred to the corresponding agar plates. Using a new sterile loop for each plate, the suspensions were evenly spread around the surface of the LB nutrient on each plate. The plates were stacked, labeled with a group name, and placed upside down in a fridge at 37Â °C until next week. Independent Variable: Whether or not the plate contained pGLO Dependent Variable: Growth rate Controlled Variables: Amount of LB nutrient Amount of transformation solution Amount of suspensions Time in the ice bucket and room temperature Temperature of water bath and fridge Positive Control: -pGLO, LB Negative Control: -pGLO, LB, AMP These controls were selected because even without the plasmid, the plate labeled ‘-pGLO, LB’ should have growth on it because the only thing added to the plate was nutrients for the bacteria. The plate without the plasmid, LB nutrient, and ampicillin is a negative control because the ampicillin should kill off all the bacteria on the plate. Discussion: The hypothesis was supported in this experiment. In the plate labeled ‘+pGLO, LB, AMP, ARA’ there was growth when normally the ampicillin would kill of the bacteria, as shown in the plate labeled ‘-pGLO, LB, AMP’. Also looking at the UV Light figure, the same plate was able to glow as a cause of inheriting the GFP and being in the presence of arabinose sugar. In the plate labeled ‘-pGLO, LB’ there should be bacterial growth, but there is none present. This could be a possible error in not transferring a big enough colony of E. coli. The plate labeled ‘+pGLO, LB, ARA’ should have more distinct colonies glowing however on the UV Light figure only a film is seen glowing. This could be a cause of putting too much pressure on the colony when spreading the E. coli on the plate. Having the ability to genetically modify DNA could help researchers in the medicine field develop cells that would be resistant to any harmful thing, like the flu or HIV. In conclusion, altering bacteria’s DNA is possible and so easy it can be performed by freshmans in college.

Operation and management of china's auto production increased Dissertation

Operation and management of china's auto production increased - Dissertation Example ity and Reliability 27 3.4Conclusion 28 CHAPTER 4: RESULT AND ANALYSIS 29 4.0Introduction 29 4.1Chinese Automobile Industry 30 4.1.1Findings 30 4.1.1.1Chinese Auto Industry Sales, 2006 to 2010 30 4.1.1.2Comparison between China and US 32 4.1.1.3Comparison of brands, 2002 and 2011 33 4.1.1.4Market Share and Growth 35 36 4.1.2Analysis 36 4.1.2.1Chinese Auto Industry Sales, 2006 to 2010 36 4.1.2.2Chinese Auto Industry Sales by Category, 2006-2010 37 4.1.2.3Chinese Auto Industry Performance in the Global Arena 38 4.1.2.4Comparison of brands, 2002 and 2011 39 4.1.2.5Analysis on Market Share and... TIONS 47 5.1Conclusions 47 5.2Recommendations 49 BIBLIOGRAPHY 51 APPENDICES 56 Appendix 1: China’s SWOT Analysis 56 Appendix 2: Market Entry Strategies 57 Appendix 3: Selection of the right Market Entry Strategy 58 Table of Figures Figure 1: China's SWOT Analysis 13 Figure 2: Market Entry Strategies that Chinese Auto Industry can select from 17 Figure 3: Process of selecting the right Market Entry Strategy 17 Figure 4: Sales for Chinese Auto Industry 2006 to 2010 (Synergistic Limited, 2012) 31 Figure 5: Line Graph of China Auto Products Sales between 2006 and 2010 (Synergistic Limited, 2012) 31 Figure 6: China Auto Industry Sales per Product between 2006 and 2010 (Synergistic Limited, 2012) 32 Figure 7: The Top Five Auto Industries 2008 and 2009 (Synergistic Limited, 2012) 32 Figure 8: Top Five Auto Industries, 2008 and 2009 (Synergistic Limited, 2012) 33 Figure 9: Sales by Brand in %age, 2002 (Synergistic Limited, 2012) 33 Figure 10: Sales by Brand in %age, 2011 (Synergistic Limited, 2012) 34 Figure 11: Sales by Brand in Units, 2002 (Synergistic Limited, 2012) 34 Figure 12: Sales by Brands in Units, 2011 (Synergistic Limited, 2012) 35 Figure 13: Market Size and Growth (Synergistic Limited, 2012) 35 Figure 14: Market Share by Brand, 2011 (Synergistic Limited, 2012) 36 Figure 15: Impact of Government Tax Incentive (Synergistic Limited, 2012) 44 Figure 16: Position of Chinese Auto Industry within the Global Market (Synergistic Limited, 2012) 46 CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION 1.0 Introduction The increased demand for growth and expansion amongst firms within Chinese automobile industry coupled with the increased demand for automobile products within the globe continue to be the reasons behind globalization (Zhu, Sarkis, & Lai, 2007). The Chinese automobile industry aims at